Aldosterone-Related Myocardial Extracellular Matrix Expansion in Hypertension in Humans: A Proof-of-Concept Study by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

ObjectivesThis study sought to assess the respective effects of aldosterone and blood pressure (BP) levels on myocardial fibrosis in humans.BackgroundExperimentally, aldosterone promotes left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and interstitial myocardial fibrosis in the presence of high salt intake.MethodsThe study included 20 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) (high aldosterone and high BP), 20 patients with essential hypertension (HTN) (average aldosterone and high BP), 20 patients with secondary aldosteronism due to Bartter/Gitelman (BG) syndrome (high aldosterone and normal BP), and 20 healthy subjects (HS) (normal aldosterone and normal BP). Participants in each group were of similar age and sex distributions, and asymptomatic. Cardiac magnetic resonance including cine and T1 mapping was performed blind to the study group to quantify global LV mass index, as well as intracellular mass index and extracellular mass index considered as a measure of myocardial fibrosis in vivo.ResultsMedian plasma aldosterone concentration was as follows: PA = 709 pmol/l (interquartile range [IQR]: 430 to 918 pmol/l); HTN = 197 pmol/l (IQR: 121 to 345 pmol/l); BG = 297 pmol/l (IQR: 180 to 428 pmol/l); and HS = 105 pmol/l (IQR: 85 to 227 pmol/l). Systolic BP was as follows: PA = 147 ± 15 mm Hg; HTN = 133 ± 19 mm Hg; BG = 116 ± 9 mm Hg; and HS = 117 ± 12 mm Hg. LV end-diastolic volume showed underloading in BG and overloading in patients with PA (63 ± 13 ml/m² vs. 82 ± 15 ml/m²; p < 0.0001). Intracellular mass index increased with BP across groups (BG: 36 [IQR: 29 to 41]; HS: 40 [IQR: 36 to 46]; HTN: 51 [IQR: 42 to 54]; PA: 50 [IQR: 46 to 67]; p < 0.0001). Extracellular mass index was similar in BG, HS, and HTN (16 [IQR: 12 to 20]; 15 [IQR: 11 to 18]; and 14 [IQR: 12 to 17], respectively) but 30% higher in PA (21 [IQR: 18 to 29]; p < 0.0001) remaining significant after adjustment for mean BP.ConclusionsOnly primary pathological aldosterone excess combined with high BP increased both extracellular myocardial matrix and intracellular mass. Secondary aldosterone excess with normal BP did not affect extracellular myocardial matrix. (Study of Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis in Hyperaldosteronism; NCT02938910).     

短期留置导尿管拔除在泌尿外科肾部分切除术后患者中的应用研究

【目的】 将短期留置导尿管拔除的最佳证据应用于临床,提高护士在肾部分切除术后尿管拔除实践活动中证据应用的依从性,降低留置尿管感染风险发生率,提高患者舒适度。【方法】 遵循JBI循证护理中心的临床证据实践应用系统(JBI-PACES)的标准程序,采用现场观察、查阅护理病历及资料收集等方法,以护士行为依从性水平、留置导尿管感染风险发生率、患者舒适度改变程度评价证据应用前后的有效性。【结果】 基线审查标准中护士对“肾部分切术后患者在午夜拔尿管”“护士主导评估尿管拔除时机”“拔除导尿管前给予单剂量a受体阻滞剂”等3条标准中在证据应用后依从性显著提高(p≤0.005);平均留置尿管时间由证据应用前的平均(135.75±11.70)h缩短至(90.45±9.62)h(p＜0.005);患者舒适度明显提高。【结论】 本课题研究应用于临床,提高了护士在主导短期尿管拔除实践中的依从性,帮助形成导尿管拔除和管理规范,降低留置尿管感染风险发生率,并提高患者舒适度。     

Efectividad de una intervención educativa y de ejercicio físico sobre la capacidad funcional de los pacientes en hemodiálisis

Objective

To describe the impact of a standard hospital educational intervention including active physical exercises on personal well-being, functional capacity and knowledge of the benefits of prescribed physical activity for patients undergoing haemodialysis.

Therapeutic Benefit and Gene Network Regulation by Combined Gene Transfer of Apelin,FGF2, and SERCA2a into Ischemic Heart

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Ablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Assessment of Currently Available Techniques

Image-guided thermal ablation is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with renal cell carcinoma. The purpose of this review is to describe currently available ablation options for renal cell carcinoma and nursing care.     

超声引导下穿刺置管治疗继发性肾功能衰竭72例

目的 分析超声引导下肾造瘘术对肾功能衰竭患者肾功改善的临床意义。方法 72例因肿瘤原因致肾功能衰竭患者经肾造瘘术后,观察治疗前、后血肌酐（Cr）和尿素氮（BUN)变化。 结果 72例均一次穿刺成功,穿刺成功率100%。随访4周,其中一周内肾功能明显改善69例,有效率95.8%,其余3例两周内肾功能明显改善。Cr下降范围120-270umol/L,BUN下降范围3.9-8.1mmol/L。 本组发生轻微并发症5例,发生率为6.9% 。结论 超声引导下肾造瘘能够明显改善肾功能,短期内治疗肾功能衰竭效果满意。     

糖尿病心肌病影像诊断研究进展

糖尿病心肌病(diabetic cardiomyopathy,DCM)可导致糖尿病患者心力衰竭甚至死亡,是糖尿病的一种严重的并发症。早期表现为能量代谢、心肌脂肪变性、微循环灌注异常等,逐步发展为心肌细胞重塑、心功能异常和心肌纤维化等。DCM起病隐匿,致病分子机制尚未完全阐明,诊断标准不明确。目前可通过一些影像学检查间接检测心肌细胞可能存在的病理改变,做出诊断,及时干预,并监测病情发展,逆转或延缓病情,改善预后。本文就DCM病程中不同阶段的影像检测方法进行相关综述。     

二维剪切波弹性成像与瞬时弹性成像对慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化诊断效能的比较探讨

目的 探讨二维剪切波弹性成像(2D-SWE)与瞬时弹性成像（TE）对慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者肝纤维化分期诊断价值的比较。方法 选取我院临床确诊的148例CHB患者,分别行2D-SWE及TE检查,以超声引导下肝组织穿刺活检病理结果作为金标准,比较分析两种弹性成像评估肝纤维化分期的诊断效能。结果2D-SWE及TE的弹性均值与病理肝纤维化分期呈显著正相关（r =0.914、0.783）;不同病理分期的两种检查方法平均弹性值组间差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）,且均随肝纤维化分期的加重而增加;构建受试者工作特性曲线（ROC曲线）比较两者的诊断效能得出2D-SWE诊断显著性肝纤维化（S2～S4）的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.973、0.976及0.972,TE诊断显著性肝纤维化的AUC分别为0.903、0.909及0.904,2D-SWE各期诊断效能均优于TE（S2:Z=3.062、S3：Z=3.379、S4：Z=2.539,P均＜0.05）。结论 2D-SWE与TE技术在无创诊断CHB肝纤维化程度方面具有相似的诊断价值,但2D-SWE技术优于TE,更具有临床应用价值。     

Effect of Medicare Dialysis Payment Reform on Use of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents

ObjectiveIn 2011, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) replaced fee-for-service reimbursement for erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) with a fixed-sum bundled payment for all dialysis-related care and pay-for-performance incentives to discourage maintaining patients'' hematocrits above 36 percent. We examined the impact of the new payment policy on the use of ESAs.ConclusionsCMS''s payment reform for dialysis care reduced the use of ESAs in patients who may not benefit from these agents.